MEXICO

Mexico’s three large coal plants began operating between 1983 and 1993 and have a combined capacity of nearly 5,400 megawatts (MW). Coal has supplied some of Mexico’s electricity over the past two decades, a contribution that has gradually diminished as new gas-fired plants come online. Mexico's Paris climate pledge, laid out in its 2022 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) report, calls for a 43% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a 30% reduction in methane emissions by 2030. The NDC also calls for emissions to peak in 2025. Since 2017, Mexico has been a member of the Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA), a group of nations that have pledged to phase out existing coal plants. In 2018, the election of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador provoked a decided shift in federal policy toward fossil fuels despite Mexico’s stated commitment to decarbonization. The following years saw Mexico ramp up its purchases of coal while imposing new rules discouraging solar and wind projects. While there are currently no active coal plant proposals in the pipeline, 1,400 MW of shelved coal capacity has yet to be formally cancelled. In 2023, Mexico's electricity development plan (2023-2037) alluded to the retirement or replacement of 4,317 MW of currently installed power generating capacity by 2037, but did not mention the retirement of any specific coal-fired power station. The 2024 election of climate scientist Claudia Sheinbaum as president has so far sent mixed signals regarding Mexico’s future energy and climate policies; while the new president has claimed to be committed to the country’s transition to renewable energy sources, the new government has yet to commit to any fossil fuel phaseout or phasedown policies.